La metformina durante el embarazo en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Gilda Monteagudo Peña, Jeddú Cruz Hernández, Gisel Ovies Carballo, Manuel Gómez Alzugaray, Maité Cabrera Gámez

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Resumen

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina tiene gran relevancia en la patogenia del síndrome de ovario poliquístico, por lo que es común que se empleen los sensibilizadores a la insulina. La metformina tiene diversos fines terapéuticos y es la más recomendada. Durante el embarazo desempeña un rol en la reducción del riesgo de aborto, la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, la macrosomía, la cesárea y la hipoglucemia neonatal. Con resultados menos consistentes también participa en la reducción del riesgo de diabetes gestacional. No obstante, existen preocupaciones sobre su seguridad a largo plazo.

Objetivo: Realizar una actualización del estado del arte sobre el empleo de la metformina durante el embarazo en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico.

Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica donde se consultaron 57 artículos obtenidos de las bases de datos Google Académico, Medline, Pubmed, SciELO.

Conclusiones: El tratamiento con metformina es más fácil, más económico y menos “inquietante” que la insulina. La prescripción y adherencia son más simples, lo que ha contribuido a que en la práctica clínica se emplee la metformina durante el embarazo con una frecuencia cada vez mayor. El posicionamiento actual de la comunidad científica acepta la metformina como una alternativa válida de tratamiento en las mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico durante el embarazo pero recomienda poner cuidado en la observación de su seguridad a largo plazo e incrementar la evidencia.

Palabras clave: metformina; embarazo; síndrome de ovario poliquístico.

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