Tratamiento con metformina durante el embarazo en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico
Resumen
Introducción: El empleo de metformina durante el embarazo ha demostrado beneficios sobre algunos resultados gestacionales en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, pero persiste la preocupación sobre su seguridad a largo plazo en el producto de la concepción.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación del tratamiento con metformina durante el embarazo y los resultados gestacionales en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que incluyó 51 mujeres, que lograron 62 embarazos, de los cuales se estudiaron 34 hijos. Se compararon dos grupos: con/sin tratamiento con metformina durante el embarazo; mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de hipótesis.
Resultados: En 21 embarazos (33,87 %) se empleó metformina. Los grupos fueron similares, excepto en antecedentes de resistencia a la insulina que fue mayor, en el que tomó metformina (100 % vs 60,98 %, p = 0,001). La forma de uso más frecuente de metformina en los embarazos fue 1500 mg/día hasta las 22 semanas o más y no se reportaron efectos adversos. Del grupo sin metformina, 29,26 % tuvo aborto temprano vs 0 % entre las que tomaron el medicamento (p = 0,002). De siete que tuvieron un primer aborto sin metformina y luego se empleó esta, seis lograron embarazos a término. Un hijo de cada grupo tuvo malformación con solución espontánea en el primer año de vida: estenosis pulmonar y comunicación interauricular, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: La metformina a dosis de 1500 mg/día, por al menos 22 semanas durante la gestación en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, no tiene efectos adversos en la madre y se asocia a menor frecuencia de abortos tempranos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Gilda Monteagudo Peña
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
