Riesgo cardiometabólico asociado al síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Manuel Gómez Alzugaray; Yudith García García; Gilda Monteagudo Peña; Gisel Ovies Carballo; Maité Cabrera Gámez

Riesgo cardiometabólico asociado al síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Manuel Gómez Alzugaray, Yudith García García, Gilda Monteagudo Peña, Gisel Ovies Carballo, Maité Cabrera Gámez

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Resumen

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico se ha relacionado con una mayor frecuencia de alteraciones metabólicas y mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico.

Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que incluyó publicaciones que aportaban información sustentada sobre una investigación científica bien estructurada. Se evidenció la relación del síndrome de ovario poliquístico con factores de riesgo cardiometabólico como la resistencia a la insulina, la hiperinsulinemia, la dislipidemia, la disglucemia, la obesidad, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes gestacional. También con su asociación con el síndrome metabólico, la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica y con marcadores de enfermedad cardiovascular subclínica.

Conclusiones: La exposición a un perfil cardiometabólico adverso a largo plazo podría generar un incremento de eventos cardiovasculares isquémicos y un mayor riesgo de muerte prematura. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia actual que permita confirmarlo en las mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico. No obstante, la información disponible apunta hacia un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. La intervención oportuna desde la juventud con cambios en el estilo de vida y el tratamiento específico dirigido al control de los factores de riesgo podría modificar el riesgo a largo plazo.

Palabras clave: síndrome de ovario poliquístico; factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos; enfermedad cardiovascular.

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