Mitos y realidades sobre la obesidad en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Gilda Monteagudo Peña, Bertha Rodríguez Pendás, Gisel Ovies Carballo, Manuel Gómez Alzugaray, Aimee Álvarez Álvarez, Maité Cabrera Gámez

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Resumen

Introducción: La asociación entre la obesidad y el síndrome de ovario poliquístico es importante porque amplifica los trastornos metabólicos, reproductivos, psicológicos o de la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, es común que se sobrevalore o se emplee como criterio diagnóstico, lo que denota una definición no clara de esta relación.

Objetivo: Analizar lo que, en opinión de los autores, pudieran ser “mitos” sobre la obesidad en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico y su coherencia con la evidencia disponible.

Métodos: Se realizó una revisión del estado del arte en este tema. Se localizaron 230 artículos en las bases PubMed, Medline, Scielo y Google Académico, y se contrastó con los criterios propios.

Conclusiones: Algunas creencias generalizadas sobre la obesidad en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, aunque tienen cierto grado de certidumbre, se malinterpretan o magnifican, por lo que pueden considerarse “mitos”. Entender que las mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico pueden no tener obesidad y, aún así, tener adiposidad abdominal y los efectos que de ella derivan, no niega la evidencia indiscutible de que la obesidad, si está presente, agrava el síndrome. Polemizar sobre el tema pretende contribuir a que se diagnostique el síndrome no solo en mujeres con obesidad y que se considere factor de riesgo para la obesidad. Debe entenderse que la obesidad asociada al síndrome puede revertirse y que se pueden incorporar estilos de vida saludable y un control del peso corporal como pilares del tratamiento en todas las mujeres que padezcan este.

Palabras clave: síndrome de ovario poliquístico; obesidad; adiposidad central; riesgo metabólico; riesgo reproductivo.

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Copyright (c) 2022 Gilda Monteagudo Peña, Bertha Rodríguez Pendás, Gisel Ovies Carballo, Manuel Gómez Alzugaray, Aimee Álvarez Álvarez, Maité Cabrera Gamez

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