Factores clínicos y ambientales asociados a la tiroiditis de Hashimoto

Judith Parlá Sardiñas, Obdulio González Hernández, Julio Jassiel de la Rosa Sánchez, Marelys Yanes Quesada, Ileana Cubas Dueñas, Cecilia Pérez Gesen, María Teresa Marrero

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Resumen

Introducción: La tiroiditis de Hashimoto es una enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune poligénica y multifactorial resultante de una interacción compleja de factores genéticos y ambientales.

Objetivo: Determinar la posible asociación de los factores clínicos y ambientales con los niveles de anticuerpos antitiroideos y las pruebas de función tiroidea en la tiroiditis de Hashimoto.

Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal con 120 personas con diagnóstico de tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Variables estudiadas: edad, sexo, color de la piel, estado nutricional, paridad, hábito de fumar, consumo de alcohol, preparados estrogénicos, antecedentes familiares de enfermedad autoinmune tiroidea y personales de otras enfermedades autoinmunes. Se realizaron determinaciones de anticuerpos AbTPO, TSH, T3 y T4.

Resultados: Predominio del sexo femenino (92,5 %), de pacientes de piel blanca (50,8 %) y con sobrepeso corporal (40 %). El 73 % no consumían preparados estrogénicos. El 20 % tenían antecedentes familiares de enfermedad tiroidea y personales de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (7,5 %). La media del anticuerpo en pacientes con antecedentes de infecciones virales fue superior a los que no tuvieron este antecedente (732,6 vs. 624,6). El resto de las variables no mostraron diferencias entre las medias del anticuerpo. Ninguno de los factores estudiados mostró asociación con el estado de la función tiroidea. (p>0,05).

Conclusiones: No existió asociación entre los factores clínicos y ambientales en relación a los niveles de Ac TPO y el estado de la función tiroidea, con predominio del hipotiroidismo manifiesto al diagnóstico de la TH.

Palabras clave: tiroiditis crónica Hashimoto; anticuerpos antitiroideos; función tiroidea.

 

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