Particularidades de la resistencia a la insulina en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Gilda Monteagudo Peña; Gisel Ovies Carballo; Bertha Rodríguez Pendás; Aimee Álvarez Álvarez; Manuel Gómez Alzugaray; Maité Cabrera Gámez; Kenia Rodríguez Martínez

Particularidades de la resistencia a la insulina en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico

Gilda Monteagudo Peña, Gisel Ovies Carballo, Bertha Rodríguez Pendás, Aimee Álvarez Álvarez, Manuel Gómez Alzugaray, Maité Cabrera Gámez, Kenia Rodríguez Martínez

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Resumen

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina e hiperinsulinemia son frecuentes en las mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Una condición que resulta relevante como factor patogénico principal de las alteraciones metabólicas que acompañan al síndrome y porque condiciona fenotipos con mayor riesgo metabólico y reproductivo.

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la resistencia a la insulina en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico.

Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica tipo estado del arte. Se consultaron 229 artículos obtenidos de las bases PubMed, Medline, SciELO y Google Académico.

Conclusiones: La resistencia a la insulina tiene importancia capital en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, no sólo por su frecuencia, sino también por el amplio espectro de alteraciones metabólicas y reproductivas que se le asocian. Como en otros trastornos que caracterizan al síndrome, los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos específicos no están del todo claros, pero existe la posibilidad de diagnosticarla y tratarla oportunamente, con lo que pueden prevenirse complicaciones, algunas de importancia vital. Por esto, la educación para la salud desde edades tempranas, que propicie estilos de vida saludable, prevención del sobrepeso corporal y control de otros factores que agravan la resistencia a la insulina, así como la evaluación temprana de la resistencia a la insulina, deben entenderse como cruciales en el manejo de las mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, con independencia de su peso corporal.

Palabras clave: síndrome de ovario poliquístico; resistencia a la insulina; hiperinsulinismo; fisiopatología.

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