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Nutrición de yodo y salud materno-infantil
Resumen
Objetivo: Revisar los aspectos más relevantes de la nutrición de yodo y su relación con la salud materno-infantil.
Métodos: Se obtuvieron y referenciaron 51 artÃculos originales y de revisión en las bases de datos Pubmed, LILACS y SciELO, acordes con el objetivo planteado.
Resultados: El mantenimiento de una ingesta adecuada de yodo permite el funcionamiento normal del tiroides. Si esto no ocurre, la glándula mostrará cambios compensatorios en su actividad. En el embarazo se produce un importante incremento de los requerimientos de yodo para cubrir las necesidades materno-fetales. Además de los relativos al embarazo, existen factores que modifican el metabolismo del yodo, como la edad materna y gestacional, la paridad, la etnia y el hábito de fumar. Tanto la deficiencia como el exceso de yodo pueden provocar afectaciones a la salud materno-infantil.
Conclusiones: Durante el embarazo resulta imprescindible una nutrición óptima de yodo para garantizar el mantenimiento de la salud de la gestante y el desarrollo adecuado del producto de la gestación.
Referencias
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